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Software Development Executive - II
Last updated on Apr 22, 2024
Last updated on Apr 22, 2024
One of the main factors influencing the attractiveness and readability of your Flutter application is its color palette. With the “Flutter ColorScheme” class, developers can easily design a visually appealing and functional UI.
Flutter’s Material UI widgets, which form the backbone of many Flutter apps, rely on ColorScheme for their visual design. It provides a set of colors that can be used to configure the color properties of most SDK UI components in your Flutter app.
App theme plays a crucial role in setting the visual tone of Flutter applications, utilizing the themeMode property in MaterialApp to assign appropriate themes based on device system settings, with options for users to override and set the app theme independently or follow the system theme mode.
To derive the best effects of Flutter ColorScheme in your apps, it’s crucial to understand it fully. This concept is what we aim to explore in this blog post, ensuring that you can design your Flutter apps with uncompromising efficiency and creativity.
The Flutter ColorScheme class is part of Flutter's ThemeData class, offering a set of 30 colors based on the Material Design System that can be used to configure the color properties of most widgets. Primary, secondary, and tertiary accent color groups dominate the scheme, each with its specific roles and areas of application.
Primary colors tenure the most presence across your app's UI, characterizing key components like FAB, prominent buttons, and active states. Secondary colors, while less dominant, amplify the opportunity for color expression in less prominent UI components like filter chips. Tertiary colors, designed for makers' discretion, balance the primary and secondary colors or draw heightened attention to an element.
For material design, 'on' colors correspond to many colors, which are utilized to draw content on top of their partner color. For instance, to paint a text on a primary background, an 'onPrimary' color would be used. Thus, it is crucial that 'on' colors maintain a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 with their matching colors to ensure legibility.
Code Snippet: Setting Colors in Flutter
1AppBar( 2 backgroundColor: Colors.blue[800], // Setting AppBar Background Color 3)
For a more unified appearance, ThemeData.colorScheme property can be set to a custom ColorScheme:
1ThemeData( 2 colorScheme: ColorScheme.fromSwatch( 3 primarySwatch: Colors.blue, 4 brightness: Brightness.light, 5 ), 6)
Understanding the Flutter ColorScheme will upgrade your ability to make your application more user-friendly, visually appealing, and easy to navigate.
Throughout the evolution of the Flutter SDK UI components, the color scheme system has undergone significant developments. The initial approach was relatively simple, with primary and accent colors used in the built-in widgets. However, today, we have a full-blown "ColorScheme" class that defines every imaginable color property for a mobile application.
As Material Design, Google’s design language, evolved, so did the color scheme used in Flutter applications. Material Design introduced a major enhancement: the use of multiple key colors instead of just primary and accent. This new concept ushered in the era of Flutter's ThemeData class, which incorporated a ColorScheme. Now, a ColorScheme can hold up to 13 color properties, each designed to specify the color of a specific widget or a component of a widget.
Over time, Material Design advanced into Material 3 (also known as M3). M3 adopts color roles and tokens to represent colors, with the scheme being divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary color groups, each group targeting separate themes across the UI. This Color scheme also includes neutral colors, which are employed for backgrounds, surfaces, errors, dividers, and shadows.
Code Snippet: Configuring a Typical ColorScheme
1ColorScheme.light( 2 primary: const Color(0xff6200ee), 3 onPrimary: Colors.white, 4 secondary: const Color(0xff03dac6), 5 onSecondary: Colors.black, 6 error: const Color(0xffb00020), 7 onError: Colors.white, 8 background: Colors.white, 9 onBackground: Colors.black, 10 surface: Colors.white, 11 onSurface: Colors.black, 12)
In the upcoming sections, we will delve deeper into how you can use the Flutter ColorScheme to create appealing light and dark themes. Rest assured, with some practice, dealing with Flutter ColorSchemes will become second nature to you.
Flutter ColorScheme generator is a handy tool that aids developers in creating a well-balanced, visually appealing color scheme based solely on a single color value provided. The generator uses algorithms to create an aesthetically pleasing color palette that fits well with the Material Design guidelines. Understanding the application of the Flutter color scheme generator is critical.
The 'fromSeed' builder inside the Flutter ColorScheme class allows developers to generate a customized and unique ColorScheme. This function produces a ColorScheme derived from the provided seed color, keeping the nuances of Material 3 design in mind. Let's look at an example of how we might use this in your Flutter app:
1ColorScheme.fromSeed( 2 seedColor: Colors.blue, 3);
In the above code snippet, Colors.blue is acting as the seed color. The algorithm uses this color as a base to derive other colors within the scheme.
Flutter’s color scheme generator provides developers with a powerful and flexible tool that enables even more creativity while ensuring the color consistency of your application. It's noteworthy that the ColorScheme class's saturated seed generated themes are compatible with previous Material Design themes, making it easy for developers to transition between different versions.
Now that we understand the ‘what’ and ‘why’ of Flutter ColorScheme, let’s learn ‘how’ to use it practically. One of the most powerful features that Flutter offers is its individual themes capability for light and dark modes. This feature allows users to select their preferred theme mode or allows the app to adapt automatically to the device’s theme settings.
Incorporating FlexColorScheme component themes into your Flutter application opens up a plethora of customization options, enhancing the visual design through optional component sub-theming. This allows for detailed adjustments such as border radius on UI widgets, surface alpha blends, and surface elevation tint customization in Material-3 theming.
Moreover, FlexColorScheme simplifies the process of setting up and applying color schemes and themes, making it an invaluable tool for developers. With multiple widget themes, FlexColorScheme offers a wide range of optional surface blends and pre-made designs, alongside quick and easy configuration options for component sub-theming. This includes adjusting the border radius on all UI widgets with a single property value and customizing Material-3 defaults, providing a comprehensive solution for creating visually appealing and cohesive Flutter applications.
When developing your Flutter app, you often have to define separate themes for light and dark modes. The ColorScheme class in Flutter's ThemeData provides ready-to-use methods (ColorScheme.light() and ColorScheme.dark()), that define default color values for all the components used in the material design.
To define a "dark theme" in Flutter, you can construct a ThemeData with ColorScheme.dark(). Similarly, for "light themes", you can use ThemeData with ColorScheme.light(). It's important to know that these methods accept optional parameters to customize the color scheme as per your requirements, thereby overriding the default color values.
However, the beauty lies in the fact that you can mix and match the colors to create your unique color scheme that aligns with your brand. Let's look at the code snippet to understand better:
Creating Dark and Light Themes:
1final ThemeData darkTheme = ThemeData.from(colorScheme: ColorScheme.dark()); 2final ThemeData lightTheme = ThemeData.from(colorScheme: ColorScheme.light());
Now, let's understand 'how' to create a "dark theme" using Flutter. For that, we'll employ the ColorScheme.dark() method as displayed in the code snippet below:
1ThemeData darkTheme = ThemeData.dark().copyWith( 2 colorScheme: ColorScheme.dark().copyWith( 3 primary: Colors.red, 4 secondary: Colors.blue, 5 surface: Colors.amber, 6 ), 7);
In the above example, we’re creating a default dark theme and then customizing a few colors: primary to red, secondary to blue, and the surface to amber. This feature allows us to design apps with darker themes that are easier on the eyes in dim light and can even save battery in OLED screens.
Just like the dark theme, we can also create a "light theme" using ThemeData and ColorScheme. In fact, in Flutter apps, it's best practice to define separate themes for both light and dark modes.
1ThemeData lightTheme = ThemeData.light().copyWith( 2 colorScheme: ColorScheme.light().copyWith( 3 primary: Colors.orange, 4 secondary: Colors.green, 5 surface: Colors.purple, 6 ), 7);
In this code snippet, we created a light theme and customized the primary color to orange, the secondary color to green, and surface color to purple. Light themes provide a minimalistic and cleaner look to your app, improving readability and visibility under bright light.
As developers, our goal is to meet our users’ needs and preferences. That’s where “theme mode” comes into the picture, introducing different theme modes such as Material-3 mode, which allows for more nuanced color schemes and customization options. Since some users may prefer the light theme during the day and the dark theme during the night or vice versa, Flutter brought an intuitive solution: Theme Mode. Theme Mode allows our app to not only provide dark and light theme options but also follow the system-wide theme settings of the user’s device, enabling a toggle between light and dark themes to see how they look.
We specify the theme mode in our MaterialApp or CupertinoApp using the themeMode property. This property plays a significant role in defining ThemeData for our applications as a crucial theme property. It determines which theme to display: light, dark, or system default. It controls the application's look and feels by assigning color schemes to the colorScheme property in ThemeData.
Here's an example code snippet:
1MaterialApp( 2 themeMode: ThemeMode.system, 3 theme: ThemeData.light(), // light theme 4 darkTheme: ThemeData.dark(), // dark theme 5);
In this code, we set themeMode to ThemeMode.system and specified our light and dark themes. When themeMode is set to ThemeMode.system, the app uses the system's theme. If the system uses a dark theme, the app will use its dark theme. If it uses a light theme or doesn't specify one, then the app will use its light theme.
You can also select a specific theme to always be used in your app, regardless of the system setting, by using either ‘ThemeMode.light’ to always use the light theme or ‘ThemeMode.dark’ to always use the dark theme.
Using theme mode in your Flutter app ensures that the application correctly aligns with the users’ personal preferences resulting in a personalized user experience and additional comfort. This feature places your Flutter app a ‘mode’ above the rest.
While Flutter's ColorScheme system offers a lot of flexibility and customization options, some common issues might come up when working with Flutter ColorScheme, and understanding how to troubleshoot these problems can be very helpful.
One of the most common issues is dealing with confusing MaterialState theming properties. While the ColorScheme class does a lot of work for you, it becomes more complex when styling Widgets that respond to user interaction, like buttons or switches. It's important to remember that these Widgets have different states, and their colors might switch between them.
To solve this problem, explore the ButtonStyle and OutlinedButton.styleFrom() methods, which allow you to customize your Flutter widget's colors according to its MaterialState:
1OutlinedButton( 2 style: OutlinedButton.styleFrom( 3 primary: Theme.of(context).colorScheme.onSurface, 4 backgroundColor: Theme.of(context).colorScheme.surface, 5 ), 6 onPressed: () {}, 7 child: Text('Hello Flutter'), 8);
Sometimes a widget may be themed completely according to the ColorScheme, but one or a few details are not the correct colors. In these cases, it's best to check if the color scheme adjusts all the required color properties in the widget. If not, you may need to manually set these properties in the widget.
In the world of Flutter application design, ColorScheme is a critical element in defining the look and feel of your app's UI. Flutter's ColorScheme class, with its myriad of color options, facilitates creating a cohesive color theme across your app. The light and dark themes provided by the ColorScheme class further refine your app's UI, allowing you to cater to varying user preferences and conditions.
Understanding the usage of theme mode provides the capability to allow your app's theme to align with the system-wide theme settings; a subtle yet impactful enhancement to the user experience. Additionally, leveraging the Flutter ColorScheme generator saves time and offers a more consistent color theme for your app.
Also, remember to troubleshoot common issues with the ColorScheme class. Use the FlexColorScheme package to access numerous premade designs and numerous advanced coloring features including customized tone mapping, optional surface blends, and several component sub-themes. The Flutter source code and FlexColorScheme docs chapter are your go-to resources when dealing with non-trivial hitches.
Let the colors in your Flutter apps signify positive experiences, and keep Fluttering!
Happy Fluttering!
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